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[集群服务] nginx、apache反向代理用户请求至后端Tomcat 集群以及session绑定,session共享

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    [LV.9]以坛为家II

    环境:
    CentOS-7.3 : 172.31.225.243  tomcat
    CentOS-7.3 : 172.31.225.244  tomcat
    CentOS-6.7 : 172.31.225.246  nginx或者apache(2.2.15)
    物理机  :  172.31.225.76  主要用来测试访问,无无其它用途

    在三台主机上进行本地host解析:/etc/hosts(添加如下内容)
    172.31.225.243 node1.cnblackhat.com
    172.31.225.244 node2.cnblackhat.com
    172.31.225.246 node6.cnblackhat.com

    1、nginx(反向代理负载均衡)+tomcat
    CentOS-6.7(172.31.225.246) 安装nginx
    yum install nginx -y

    配置nginx
    在http区段内添加如下内容:
    upstream tcsrvs {
    ip_hash;
            server node2.cnblackhat.com:8080;
            server node1.cnblackhat.com:8080;
    }
    为了实现会话绑定,这里使用了ip_hash算法,基于ip地址进行hash,使同一个ip地址始终发往同一台后端server

    在server区段内添加如下内容,以实现后端后端分发,进行分在均衡
            location / {
    proxypass http://tcsrvs;
            }
    CentOS-7.3(172.31.225.243)和CentOS-7.3(172.31.225.244)上安装tomcat
    前提需要安装oracle官方的JDK或者开源的openjdk,centos7自带openjdk,如果你的是centos6,请自行安装
    下载tomcat:wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.46/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.46.tar.gz

    tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.46.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    ln -sv apache-tomcat-8.5.46 tomcat
    vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh #内容如下
    export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
    export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

    如果你安装的是oracle官方的jdk,需要你自行添加java环境变量,如果是开源的openjdk,就不要做如下步骤了,跳过即可
    vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh #内容如下
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH                     

    最后加载环境变量,使其生效:
    . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
    . /etc/profile.d/java.sh

    最后编辑配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml,直接贴出配置文件
    172.31.225.243的配置文件:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!--
    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
    -->
    <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
    Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
    <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
    -->
    <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
    <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

    <!-- Global JNDI resources
    Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
    -->
    <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
    UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
    description="User database that can be updated and saved"
    factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
    pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
    </GlobalNamingResources>

    <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
    a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
    so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
    Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
    -->
    <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
    and responses are returned. Documentation at :
    Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
    Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
    APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
    Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
    connectionTimeout="20000"
    redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
    port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
    connectionTimeout="20000"
    redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
    This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
    SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
    library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
    AprLifecycleListener.
    Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
    the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
    maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
    <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
    type="RSA" />
    </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->
    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
    This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
    OpenSSL for TLS.
    Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
    configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
    maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
    <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
    <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
    certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
    certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
    type="RSA" />
    </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
    every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
    analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
    on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
    Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.cnblackhat.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

    <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
    /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
    /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
    <!--
    <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
    -->

    <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
    via a brute-force attack -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
    <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
    resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
    that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
    available for use by the Realm. -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
    resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
    </Realm>

    <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

    <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
    Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
    -->

    <!-- Access log processes all example.
    Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
    Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
    prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
    pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

    </Host>
    <Host name="node1.cnblackhat.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARS="true" autoDeploy="false">
    <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
    <Context path="/shop" docBase="shopxx" reloadable="true" />
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
    prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
    pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
    </Host>
    </Engine>
    </Service>
    </Server>
    172.31.225.244的配置文件:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!--
    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
    -->
    <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
    Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
    <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
    -->
    <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
    <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

    <!-- Global JNDI resources
    Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
    -->
    <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
    UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
    description="User database that can be updated and saved"
    factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
    pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
    </GlobalNamingResources>

    <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
    a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
    so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
    Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
    -->
    <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
    and responses are returned. Documentation at :
    Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
    Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
    APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
    Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
    connectionTimeout="20000"
    redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
    port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
    connectionTimeout="20000"
    redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
    This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
    SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
    library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
    AprLifecycleListener.
    Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
    the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
    maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
    <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
    type="RSA" />
    </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->
    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
    This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
    OpenSSL for TLS.
    Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
    configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
    maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
    <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
    <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
    certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
    certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
    type="RSA" />
    </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
    every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
    analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
    on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
    Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node2.cnblackhat.com" jvmRoute="TomcatB">

    <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
    /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
    /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
    <!--
    <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
    -->

    <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
    via a brute-force attack -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
    <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
    resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
    that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
    available for use by the Realm. -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
    resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
    </Realm>

    <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

    <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
    Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
    -->

    <!-- Access log processes all example.
    Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
    Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
    prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
    pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

    </Host>
    <Host name="node2.cnblackhat.com" appBase="/data/webapps"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false">
    <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true">
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
    prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
    pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
    </Context>
    </Host>
    </Engine>
    </Service>
    </Server>
    最后启动

    两台主机网站根目录创建
    mkdir -pv /data/webapps/ROOT
    172.31.225.243主页内容:
    vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" %>
    <html>
      <head><title>TomcatA_172.31.225.243</title></head>
      <body>
        <h1><font color="red">TomcatA 172.31.225.243 </font></h1>
        <table align="centre" border="1">
          <tr>
            <td>Session ID</td>
        <% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
            <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Created on</td>
            <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
         </tr>
        </table>
      </body>
    </html>
    172.31.225.244主页内容:
    vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
    <%@ page language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head><title>TomcatB_172.31.225.244</title></head>
      <body>
        <h1><font color="red">TomcatB 172.31.225.244 </font></h1>
        <table align="centre" border="1">
          <tr>
            <td>Session ID</td>
        <% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
            <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Created on</td>
            <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
         </tr>
        </table>
      </body>
    </html>
    最后启动三台主机的web服务
    service nginx start
    catalina.sh start (两台tomcat主机上执行的操作)

    测试:(部署成功,会话始终指向172.31.225.243这台机器)
    1.gif

    为了突出负载均衡效果,这里我们把nginx里面的ip_hash给注释掉,基于轮询的方式调度,测试效果图如下:
    2.gif


    以上就是基于nginx反向代理用户至后端tomcat集群以及session绑定


    2、apache(反向代理负载均衡)+tomcat
    这里apache反向代理至后端有三种方式,下面一一介绍:
    2.1、基于http协议反向代理至后端tomcat集群
    安装apache
    yum install httpd -y

    编辑配置文件:/etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
    Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
    <proxy balancer://lbcluster>
            BalancerMember http://172.31.225.243:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA
            BalancerMember http://172.31.225.244:8080 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB
            ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
    </proxy>

    <VirtualHost *:80>
            ServerName web1.cnblackhat.com
            ProxyVia on
            ProxyRequests Off
            ProxyPreserveHost On
            <Proxy>
    #               Require all granted
                    Order allow,deny
                    Allow from all
            </Proxy>
            ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/
            ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/
            <Location />
    #               Require all granted
                    Order allow,deny
                    Allow from all
            </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
    这里我定义的虚拟主机是web1.cnblackhat.com,所以我需要在物理机器上解析web1.cnblackhat.com,编辑C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件
    172.31.225.246 web1.cnblackhat.com

    最后我们启动httpd服务
    service httpd start

    在物理机器上测试:(session会话绑定部署成功)
    3.gif

    同样为了能够更直观的看到负载均衡效果,我们把配置文件里面的这两行注释掉,把session会话绑定功能注释
    Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
    ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID

    测试效果图如下:
    4.gif


    2.2、基于ajp协议反向代理至后端tomcat集群
    直接修改配置文件/etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
    <proxy balancer://lbcluster>
            BalancerMember ajp://172.31.225.243:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA
            BalancerMember ajp://172.31.225.244:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB
            ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
    </proxy>

    <VirtualHost *:80>
            ServerName web1.cnblackhat.com
            ProxyVia on
            ProxyRequests Off
            ProxyPreserveHost On
            <Proxy>
    #               Require all granted
                    Order allow,deny
                    Allow from all
            </Proxy>
            ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/
            ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/
            <Location />
    #               Require all granted
                    Order allow,deny
                    Allow from all
            </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
    保存配置文件,以上只是删除了http协议配置文件里面的第一行,和对应的协议(即把http换成ajp)

    测试(session会话绑定部署成功)
    5.gif

    老样子,我们把session会话绑定功能所涉及的代码注释掉,以实现可以更直观的看到负载均衡效果:
    注释的内容如下:
    ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID

    6.gif


    2.3、基于第三方模块mod_jk以实现反向代理至后端tomcat集群
    mod_jk模块需要我们自己下下载编译安装:(mod_jk其实也是基于ajp协议的)
    wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.46-src.tar.gz

    tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.46-src.tar.gz
    cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.46-src/native/

    安装的时候我们需要添加一个参数--with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs
    默认我们是没有apxs,所以我们需要安装,直接安装httpd-devel即可
    yum install httpd-devel -y

    然后我们接着编译安装tomcat的连接器:
    ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs
    make && make install

    编辑vhost.conf文件:
    LoadModule jk_module /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_jk.so
    JkWorkersFile   /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
    JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
    JkLogLevel      debug
    JkMount /*      lbcluster1
    JkMount /status/        stat1
    紧接着编辑/etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties
    worker.list=lbcluster1,stat1
    worker.TomcatA.port=8009
    worker.TomcatA.host=172.31.225.243
    worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
    worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
    worker.TomcatB.port=8009
    worker.TomcatB.host=172.31.225.244
    worker.TomcatB.type=ajp13
    worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1
    worker.lbcluster1.type=lb
    worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session=1
    worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers=TomcatA,TomcatB
    worker.stat1.type = status
    最后重启httpd服务
    service httpd restart

    效果如下(session会话绑定部署成功)

    7.gif

    实现负载均衡效果,需要修改如下参数的值
    worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session=1  修改成  worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session=0

    修改完,记得重启httpd服务,效果图如下:
    8.gif


    以上就是基于apache反向代理用户至后端tomcat集群以及session绑定的三种方式


    这里我们已经实现了session的会话绑定,session共享还没有实现,不知道你们有没有发现,上面我们所作的操作都是在反向代理端进行session会话绑定的;这里我们也可以在后端tomcat主机上进行设置,以实现能够session共享,共享的同时,还能实现看到更直观的负载均衡,因为有了session共享,每次请求的内容都不一样,但是session都一样的,没有变化,这里的session指的是如下图所示
    2121.png
    下面我们就在tomcat的两台主机进行如下操作:
    这里我就直接给出两台主机的配置文件了:
    172.31.225.243的配置文件:(其实就是在原来的基础上添加cluster标签段)
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!--
      Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
      contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
      this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
      The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
      (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
      the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
    -->
    <!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
         define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
         Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
      <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
      -->
      <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
      <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

      <!-- Global JNDI resources
           Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
      -->
      <GlobalNamingResources>
        <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
             UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
        -->
        <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
                  type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
                  description="User database that can be updated and saved"
                  factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
                  pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
      </GlobalNamingResources>

      <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
           a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
           so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
           Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
       -->
      <Service name="Catalina">

        <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
        <!--
        <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
            maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
        -->


        <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
             and responses are returned. Documentation at :
             Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
             Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
             APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
             Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
        -->
        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443" />
        <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
        <!--
        <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
                   port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443" />
        -->
        <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
             This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
             SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
             library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
             AprLifecycleListener.
             Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
             the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
        -->
    <!--
        <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
                   maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
            <SSLHostConfig>
                <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                             type="RSA" />
            </SSLHostConfig>
        </Connector>
    -->
        <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
             This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
             OpenSSL for TLS.
             Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
             configuration is used below.
        -->
        <!--
        <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
                   maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
            <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
            <SSLHostConfig>
                <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                             certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                             certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                             type="RSA" />
            </SSLHostConfig>
        </Connector>
        -->

        <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
        <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


        <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
             every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
             analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
             on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
             Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

        <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
        -->
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.cnblackhat.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

          <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
              /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
              /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
          <!--
          <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
          -->

          <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
               via a brute-force attack -->
          <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
            <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
                 resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
                 that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
                 available for use by the Realm.  -->
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
                   resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
          </Realm>

          <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
                unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

            <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
            <!--
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
            -->

            <!-- Access log processes all example.
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
                 Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                   prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                   pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

          </Host>
          <Host name="node1.cnblackhat.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARS="true" autoDeploy="false">
    <!--
            <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                     channelSendOptions="8">

              <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                       expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                       notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

              <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
                <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                            address="228.0.1.7"
                            port="45564"
                            frequency="500"
                            dropTime="3000"/>
                <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                          address="172.31.225.243"
                          port="4000"
                          autoBind="100"
                          selectorTimeout="5000"
                          maxThreads="6"/>

                <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
                  <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
                </Sender>
                <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
                <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
              </Channel>

              <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                     filter=""/>
              <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>

              <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                        tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
                        deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                        watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
                        watchEnabled="false"/>

              <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
            </Cluster>
    -->
            <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
            <Context path="/shop" docBase="shopxx" reloadable="true" />
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
                   prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                   pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
          </Host>
        </Engine>
      </Service>
    </Server>
    172.31.225.244的配置文件:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!--
      Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
      contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
      this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
      The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
      (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
      the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
    -->
    <!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
         define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
         Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
      <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
      -->
      <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
      <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

      <!-- Global JNDI resources
           Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
      -->
      <GlobalNamingResources>
        <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
             UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
        -->
        <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
                  type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
                  description="User database that can be updated and saved"
                  factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
                  pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
      </GlobalNamingResources>

      <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
           a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
           so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
           Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
       -->
      <Service name="Catalina">

        <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
        <!--
        <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
            maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
        -->


        <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
             and responses are returned. Documentation at :
             Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
             Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
             APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
             Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
        -->
        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443" />
        <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
        <!--
        <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
                   port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
                   connectionTimeout="20000"
                   redirectPort="8443" />
        -->
        <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
             This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
             SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
             library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
             AprLifecycleListener.
             Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
             the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
        -->
        <!--
        <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
                   maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
            <SSLHostConfig>
                <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                             type="RSA" />
            </SSLHostConfig>
        </Connector>
        -->
        <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
             This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
             OpenSSL for TLS.
             Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
             configuration is used below.
        -->
        <!--
        <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
                   maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
            <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
            <SSLHostConfig>
                <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                             certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                             certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                             type="RSA" />
            </SSLHostConfig>
        </Connector>
        -->

        <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
        <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


        <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
             every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
             analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
             on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
             Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

        <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
        -->
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node2.cnblackhat.com" jvmRoute="TomcatB">

          <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
              /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
              /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
          <!--
          <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
          -->

          <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
               via a brute-force attack -->
          <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
            <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
                 resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
                 that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
                 available for use by the Realm.  -->
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
                   resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
          </Realm>

          <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
                unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

            <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
            <!--
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
            -->

            <!-- Access log processes all example.
                 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
                 Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
                   prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                   pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

          </Host>
          <Host name="node2.cnblackhat.com" appBase="/data/webapps"
                unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false">
    <!--
            <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                     channelSendOptions="8">

              <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                       expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                       notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

              <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
                <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                            address="228.0.1.7"
                            port="45564"
                            frequency="500"
                            dropTime="3000"/>
                <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                          address="172.31.225.244"
                          port="4000"
                          autoBind="100"
                          selectorTimeout="5000"
                          maxThreads="6"/>

                <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
                  <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
                </Sender>
                <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
                <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
              </Channel>

              <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                     filter=""/>
              <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>

              <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                        tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
                        deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                        watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
                        watchEnabled="false"/>

              <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
            </Cluster>
    -->
            <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true">
              <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
                    prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                    pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
            </Context>
          </Host>
        </Engine>
      </Service>
    </Server>
    详细参数介绍点击这里:https://bbs.cnblackhat.com/thread-2777-1-1.html

    我们如果想要使其sesion能够共享,还要做最后一步,这一步必须要做,不然session实现不了共享
    在172.31.225.243和172.31.225.244做如下步骤:
    mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/
    cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml /data/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/

    编辑/data/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml,在<web-app>标签内部添加如下标签:
    <distributable/>

    保存web.xml配置文件

    最后在两台主机上重启tomcat
    catalina stop
    catalina start

    在/usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out日志里面看到如下记录:
    13-Oct-2019 18:07:25.548 INFO [Membership-MemberAdded.] org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster.memberAdded Replication member added:[org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.MemberImpl[tcp://{172, 31, 225, 243}:4000,{172, 31, 225, 243},4000, alive=1007, securePort=-1, UDP Port=-1, id={48 -45 -56 -56 -91 -24 77 75 -87 -6 -42 -79 -22 7 -117 -72 }, payload={}, command={}, domain={}]]
    13-Oct-2019 18:07:24.717 INFO [Membership-MemberAdded.] org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster.memberAdded Replication member added:[org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.MemberImpl[tcp://{172, 31, 225, 244}:4000,{172, 31, 225, 244},4000, alive=4153016, securePort=-1, UDP Port=-1, id={78 -102 -81 -34 -47 69 78 12 -66 8 -62 99 -96 116 -62 -104 }, payload={}, command={}, domain={}]]
    说明集群添加成功,并可以实现高可用,因为session是共享的,即使一台主机挂了,另一台也能够顶上


    下面我们就在172.31.225.246这台主机上就可以把nginx和apache配置文件里面实现session会话绑定功能的相关参数给注释掉,注释哪些内容,上面内容都提到过,自行回忆。

    最后通过nginx和apache的三种反向代理都一一测试,成功部署session共享,效果图如下:(Session ID是没有变化的,后面的TomcatA和TomcatB会变化
    2122.png
    10.gif
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