通过Nginx自定义响应Header头信息
通过修改nginx的conf文件，轻松达到自定义HTTP Header的目的。Nginx 使用 ngx_headers_more 模块来增加、删除出站、入站的 Header 信息。默认该模块没有加入到 Nginx 的源码中，要想使用相关功能需要在编译 Nginx 时加入该模块。本人服务器中的 Nginx 在编译时没有加入该模块,使用 -V 查看当前 Nginx 的编译参数:
# nginx -V
nginx version: www.z-dig.com
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www \
--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
#
从官网下载模块:
# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget 、https://codeload.github.com/openresty/headers-more-nginx-module/zip/master -O ./headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip
# unzip headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip
重新编译 Nginx 前，请求 www.z-dig.com 的 Header 信息:
# curl -I www.z-dig.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: www.z-dig.com
Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 11:25:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.17
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie
Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate
WP-Super-Cache: Served supercache file from PHP
#
现在重新编译 Nginx ,平滑更新:
# cd /usr/local/src/nginx
# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www \
--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/headers-more-nginx-module-master
# make
# make install
# kill -s USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 2017 1 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 2018 2017 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:30 nginx: worker process
root 21717 2017 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 21856 18312 0 19:45 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx
# kill -s WINCH `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`
# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 2017 1 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root 21717 2017 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 21943 18312 0 19:49 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx
# kill -s QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`
# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 21717 1 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 22050 18312 0 19:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx
#
到此 Nginx 已重新编译并平滑升级成功。
在 Nginx 的配置文件中加入代码，将之前请求网站返回 Header 中的 X-Powered-By 和 WP-Super-Cache 删除，以及修改Server的值也是可以的:
more_clear_headers 'X-Powered-By';
more_clear_headers 'WP-Super-Cache';
more_set_headers 'test';
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# nginx -s reload
再次请求查看效果:
# curl -I www.z-dig.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: test
Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 12:03:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie
Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate
#
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