keepalived+mysql实现双主高可用
环境：DB1：centos6.8、mysql5.5、192.168.2.204 hostname：bogon
DB2：centos6.8、mysql5.5、192.168.2.205 hostname：localhost.localdomain
vip：192.168.2.33
一、先配置DB1和DB2的双主热备
1、分别在DB1和DB2上安装mysql，我这里是用的ansible自动部署# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml
PLAY *********************************************************************
TASK *******************************************************************
ok:
ok:
TASK ********************************************
ok:
ok:
TASK ***********************************************
changed:
changed:
TASK *************************************
changed:
changed:
TASK ***********************************
changed:
changed:
TASK *************************************
changed:
changed:
TASK ***************************************************
changed:
changed:
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
192.168.2.204 : ok=7 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.205 : ok=7 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=02、修改mysql的配置文件
首先修改DB1主机的配置文件，在/etc/my.cnf文件中的段添加以下内容# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1 #节点标示，主从节点不能相同，必须全局唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin #开启mysql的binlog日志功能
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin #开启relay-log日志，relay-log日志记录的是从服务器I/O线程将主服务器的二进制日志读取过来记录到从服务器本地文件，然后SQL线程会读取relay-log日志的内容并应用到从服务器
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #复制过滤选项
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%然后修改DB2主机的配置文件# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 2
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%最后分别重启DB1和DB2使配置生效
3、创建复制用户并授权
注：在执行主主互备之前要保证两台server上数据一致
首先在DB1的mysql库中创建复制用户mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.2.205' identified by 'repl_passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 271 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)然后在DB2的mysql库中将DB1设为自己的主服务器mysql> change master to \
-> master_host='192.168.2.204',
-> master_user='repl_user',
-> master_password='repl_passwd',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',
-> master_log_pos=271;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)这里需要注意master_log_file和master_log_pos两个选项，这两个选项的值是在DB1上通过“show master status” 查询到的结果
接着在DB2上启动slave服务mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)下面查看DB2上slave的运行状态mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.2.204
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 271
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes #重点
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #重点
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.% #跳过的表
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 271
Relay_Log_Space: 409
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
row in set (0.00 sec)到这里，从DB1到DB2的mysql主从复制已经完成。接下来开始配置从DB2到DB1的mysql主从复制
在DB2的mysql库中创建复制用户mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.2.204' identified by 'repl_passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 271 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)然后在DB1的mysql库中将DB2设为自己的主服务器mysql> change master to \
-> master_host='192.168.2.205',
-> master_user='repl_user',
-> master_password='repl_passwd',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',
-> master_log_pos=271;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)最后，在DB1上启动slave服务mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)查看DB1上slave的运行状态mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.2.205
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 271
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 271
Relay_Log_Space: 409
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
row in set (0.00 sec)二、配置keepalived实现mysql双主高可用
1、安装keepalived# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.2.24
# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/lib/modules/2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64/
# make && make install
# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
# chkconfig --add keepalived
# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
# yum -y install ipvsadm ####之前没安装ipvsadm，导致 keepalived配置中lvs配置部分不生效，其中定义的notify_down 字段死活不生效，查了好久在发现是没安装ipvsadm导致的，泪奔！！！
# ipvsadm2、配置keepalived
DB1上keepalived.conf配置为# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root<span id="kM0.39992083176707727">@localhost</span>
}
notification_email_from keepalived<span id="kM0.17554743406903328">@localhost</span>
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP #在DB1和DB2上均配置为BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 90
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt #不抢占模式，只有优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器可不设置
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.33
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.2.33 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60 #会话保持时间
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.2.204 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /root/shutdown.sh #检测到服务down后执行的脚本
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重连间隔时间
connect_port 3306 #健康检查端口
}
}
}DB2上keepalived.conf配置为# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root<span id="kM0.5718797554368988">@localhost</span>
}
notification_email_from keepalived<span id="kM0.2670048335059181">@localhost</span>
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 90
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.33
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.2.33 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.2.205 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /root/shutdown.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本shutdown.sh# cat /root/shtdown.sh
#!/bin/bash
killall keepalived注：此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的，keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态，当发现real_server服务故障时，便触发此脚本；我们可以看到，脚本就一个命令，通过killall keepalived强制杀死keepalived进程，从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外，我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作，因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP，而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP
启动keepalived并查看日志# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/keepalived
# service keepalived start
正在启动 keepalived： [确定]
# tail -f /var/log/messages
Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(HA_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33三、测试功能
1、在远程客户端通过vip登陆测试# mysql -h 192.168.2.33 -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2372
Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"
-> ;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| hostname | bogon |
+---------------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)从sql输出结果看，可以通过vip登陆，并且登陆了DB1服务器
2、创建一个数据库，然后在这个库重创建一个表，并插入数据mysql> create database repldb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| repldb |
| test |
+--------------------+
rows in set (0.06 sec)
mysql> use repldb;
Database changed
mysql> create table repl_table(id int,email varchar(80),password varchar(40) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_repldb |
+------------------+
| repl_table |
+------------------+
row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into repl_table(id,email,password) values(1,"master@163.com","qweasd");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)登陆DB2主机的mysql，可数据是否复制成功mysql> show variables like "%hostname%";
+---------------+-----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-----------------------+
| hostname | localhost.localdomain |
+---------------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| repldb |
| test |
+--------------------+
rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> use repldb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_repldb |
+------------------+
| repl_table |
+------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from repl_table;
+------+----------------+----------+
| id | email | password |
+------+----------------+----------+
| 1 | master@163.com | qweasd |
+------+----------------+----------+
row in set (0.08 sec)3、停止DB1主机上的mysql，查看故障是否自动转移# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 登陆192.168.2.33查看：mysql> show variables like "%hostname%";
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 610
Current database: repldb
+---------------+-----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-----------------------+
| hostname | localhost.localdomain |
+---------------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.01 sec)可以看到现在登陆的是DB2 故障自动切换成功
接着，插入数据看DB1是否能复制mysql> insert into repl_table(id,email,password) values(2,"slave@163.com","qweasd");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> use repldb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from repl_table;
+------+----------------+----------+
| id | email | password |
+------+----------------+----------+
| 1 | master@163.com | qweasd |
| 2 | slave@163.com | qweasd |
+------+----------------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)登陆DB1查看表数据# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use repldb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from repl_table;
+------+----------------+----------+
| id | email | password |
+------+----------------+----------+
| 1 | master@163.com | qweasd |
| 2 | slave@163.com | qweasd |
+------+----------------+----------+
rows in set (0.02 sec)复制成功！
到此全部完成！！
keepalived是啥东西啊
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